Citizenship by descent — eligibility overview
Some people born outside Canada to a Canadian parent are Canadian citizens by descent. Canada has changed its first-generation limit through recent legislation, which affects people born abroad beyond the first generation.
Who this pathway suits
People born outside Canada with a Canadian parent or grandparent who want to confirm their status.
Eligibility at a glance
- A Canadian citizen parent at the time of your birth
- Rules on the first-generation limit and its recent changes
- Proof of the family line
How the process works
- Gather birth records for each generation
- Apply for a proof of citizenship certificate
- If refused, review whether another route, such as a grant, applies
Documents you will typically need
- Your birth certificate naming your parents
- Your parent's proof of Canadian citizenship
- Identity documents
What to keep in mind
This area of law has changed recently. Confirm the current rules with IRCC before assuming you are or are not a citizen.
Official source: Official source. Government authorities make all final decisions; no outcome is guaranteed.
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